An Acknowledgement Statement testifies a [Contribution](../entities/Contribution.md).
An Activity typically has the actor: an instance of [Agent](../entities/Agent.md). For some subclasses of Activity, the Agent may not be known or disclosed (e.g. for blind reviews). Also if the actor uses a pseudonym, their identity (and sometimes event the type) are unknown, in which case just a display name is available.
An Activity can have any number of [Affiliation Statements](../entities/Affiliation_Statement.md).
An Activity can be covered by any number of [Fundings](../entities/Funding.md).
An Activity can be evidenced by any number of [Documents](../entities/Document.md).
An Affiliation Statement has institution, an instance of [Organisation Units](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
An Affiliation Statement can optionally have an organisation unit, an instance of [Organisation Unit](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
An Affiliation Statement typically has the person, an instance of [Person](../entities/Person.md).
An Affiliation Statement might be a result of an Agent [Involvement](../entities/Involvement.md).
An Affiliation Statement can be used in any number of [Activities](../entities/Activity.md).
An Agent can award any number of [Prize Awards](../entities/Prize_Award.md).
An Agent can be assigned any number of [Agent Identifiers](../entities/Agent_Identifier.md).
An Agent can be the actor in any number of [Activities](../entities/Activity.md).
An Agent can be the addressee of any number of [Resource Request](../entities/Resource_Request.md).
An Agent can be the agent in any number of [Expertise and Skills Possessions](../entities/Expertise_and_Skills_Possession.md).
An Agent can be the agent in any number of [Expertise and Time and Effort](../entities/Expertise_and_Time_and_Effort.md) instances.
An Agent can be the recipient of any number of [Prize Awards](../entities/Prize_Award.md).
An Agent can be the requester in any number of [Applications](../entities/Resource_Request.md).
An Agent can make a [Decision](../entities/Decision.md) on Resource Request based or not on Evaluation Outcomes.
An Agent can solicit any number of [Resource Offers](../entities/Resource_Offer.md).
An Agent Identifier is assigned to an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md).
An Application can optionally reference the [Call for Applications](../entities/Call_for_Applications.md) it responds to.
A Call for Applications can reference the [Applications](../entities/Application.md) that make a reference to it.
A Condition applies to a [Resource Offer](../entities/Resource_Offer.md).
A Contribution can have any number of [Contribution Statements](../entities/Contribution_Statement.md).
A Contribution can be testified by any number of [Acknowledgement Statements](../entities/Acknowledgement_Statement.md).
A Contribution Statement can be detailed in any number of [Resource Usage Statements](../entities/Resource_Usage_Statement.md).
A Contribution Statement can optionally provide any number of [Resources](../entities/Resource.md). These resources can be funding, expertise, equipment, time or space.
A Contribution Statement references the [Contribution](../entities/Contribution.md) to which it relates.
A Contribution to Document always references the target [Document](../entities/Document.md).
A Contribution to Evaluation Outcome always references the target [Evaluation Outcome](../entities/Evaluation_Outcome.md).
A Contribution to Event always references the target [Event](../entities/Event.md).
A Contribution to Infrastructure always references the [Infrastructure](../entities/Infrastructure.md) that benefits from it.
A Contribution to Prize always has the target [Prize](../entities/Prize.md).
A Contribution to Prize Award always has the target [Prize Award](../entities/Prize_Award.md).
A Contribution to Project always references the target [Project](../entities/Project.md).
A Decision can be based on any number of [Evaluation Outcomes](../entities/Evaluation_Outcome.md).
A Resource Request can have a [Decision](../entities/Decision.md) about accepting or refusing request made by addressee.
A Decision can be expressed in a [Document](../entities/Document.md).
A Decision about accepting or refusing request can be made by any number of [Agents](../entities/Agent.md).
A Document can be awarded by a [Prize Award](../entities/Prize_Award.md).
A Document can provide description of a [Resource Offer](../entities/Resource_Offer.md).
A Document can provide description of a [Resource Request](../entities/Resource_Request.md).
A Document any number of [contributions](../entities/Contribution_to_Document.md) that helped it arise.
A Document can have any number of [Documents](../entities/Document.md) as parts. [Contents Location](../datatypes/Contents_Location.md) can be attached to such an association.
A Document can be a description of a [Resource](../entities/Resource.md) or Resources.
A Document can be metadata of a [Resource](../entities/Resource.md) or Resources.
A Document can be part of any number of other [Documents](../entities/Document.md). [Contents Location](../datatypes/Contents_Location.md) can be attached to such an association.
A Document can present a [Decision](../entities/Decision.md).
A Document can provide evidence of any number of [Activities](../entities/Activity.md).
A Document can provide evidence of any number of [Expertise and Skills Possessions](../entities/Expertise_and_Skills_Possession.md).
A Document can be published as [Document Publication](../entities/Document_Publication.md), once or even multiple times.
A Document Publication can be published in any number of [Publication Channels](../entities/Publication_Channel.md). [Contents Location](../datatypes/Contents_Location.md) can be attached to such an association.
A Document Publication references the published [Document](../entities/Document.md).
An Evaluation Outcome can have any number of [contributions](../entities/Contribution_to_Evaluation_Outcome.md) that helped it arise.
An Evaluation outcome might be a result of the [Resource Request](../entities/Resource_Request.md) evaluation process.
Conclusions from evaluation process can be a basis for final [Decision](../entities/Decision.md).
An Event can be awarded by a [Prize Award](../entities/Prize_Award.md).
An Event can be an instance of [Event Series](../entities/Event_Series.md).
An Event can be collocated with the another [Events](../entities/Event.md).
An Event can have any number of [contributions](../entities/Contribution_to_Event.md) that helped it take place or arise.
An Event Identifier can be assigned to an [Event Series](../entities/Event_Series.md).
An Event Series can have any number of [Event Identifiers](../entities/Event_Identifier.md).
An Event Series has list of [Event](../entities/Event.md) instances which have been organized.
A Expertise and Skills can be possessed in any number of [Expertise and Skills Possessions](../entities/Expertise_and_Skills_Possession.md).
A Expertise and Skills can be used as a resource in any number of [Expertise and Time and Effort](../entities/Expertise_and_Time_and_Effort.md).
An Expertise and Skills Possession references the [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) who posesses the [Expertise and Skills](../entities/Expertise_and_Skills.md).
An Expertise and Skills Possession can be evidenced by any number of [Documents](../entities/Document.md).
An Expertise and Skills Possession references the [Expertise and Skills](../entities/Expertise_and_Skills.md) that the Agent possesses.
An Expertise and Time and Effort references the [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) whose expertise, time and effort it would be.
An Expertise and Time and Effort references any number of [Expertises and Skills](../entities/Expertise_and_Skills.md) belonging to the Agent who is providing its expertise and time.
A Funding can cover any number of [Projects](../entities/Project.md) that help it happen.
A Group can have any number of parts, instances of [Group](../entities/Group.md).
A Group can be part of any number of other [Groups](../entities/Group.md).
A Group or Organisation Unit can have any number of [Involvements](../entities/Involvement.md), which involve [Agents](../entities/Agent.md) in it.
An Infrastructure can have any number of [contributions](../entities/Contribution_to_Infrastructure.md) that helped it arise, keep or develop.
An Involvement can have any number of part [Involvements](../entities/Involvement.md).
A Involvement specifies that the *actor* Agent is involved in a [Group or Organisation Units](../entities/Group_or_Organisation_Unit.md).
An Involvement can be part of any number of other [Involvements](../entities/Involvement.md).
An Involvement can be foundation for an [Affiliation Statement](../entities/Affiliation_Statement.md).
An Organisation Unit can have any number of parts, instances of [Organisation Unit](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
An Organisation Unit can be part of any number of other [Organisation Units](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
An Organisation Unit can be the institution in any number of [Affiliation Statements](../entities/Affiliation_Statement.md).
A Organisation Unit can is the organisation unit in any number of [Affiliation Statements](../entities/Affiliation_Statement.md).
A Person can be the person in any number of [Affiliation Statements](../entities/Affiliation_Statement.md).
A Prize can have any number of [contributions](../entities/Contribution_to_Prize.md) that help it arise or continue.
A Prize can be awarded through any number of [Prize Awards](../entities/Prize_Award.md).
A Prize can be awarded by any number of [Agents](../entities/Agent.md).
A Prize can be awarded for a [Document](../entities/Document.md).
A Prize can be awarded for a [Project](../entities/Project.md).
A Prize can be awarded for an [Event](../entities/Event.md).
A Prize Award awards a specific [Prize](../entities/Prize.md).
A Prize Award can have any number of [contributions](../entities/Contribution_to_Prize_Award.md) that help its organization.
A Prize Award can have any number of recipients, instances of [Agent](../entities/Agent.md).
A Project can be awarded by a [Prize Award](../entities/Prize_Award.md).
A Project can have any number of [Fundings](../entities/Funding.md) that help it happen.
A Project can have any number of [contributions](../entities/Contribution_to_Project.md) that help it happen.
A Project Unit can have any number of parts, instances of [Project](../entities/Project.md).
A Project Unit (sub-project/work package/task) can be part of the other [Project unit](../entities/Project.md).
A Publication Channel contains any number of [Document Publications](../entities/Document_Publication.md). [Contents Location](../datatypes/Contents_Location.md) can be attached to such an association.
A Resource can have any number of [Documents](../entities/Document.md) as descriptions. Note that formalized metadata descriptions should rather use the specific relationship.
A Resource can have any number of [identifiers](../entities/Resource_Identifier.md).
A Resource can have any number of [Documents](../entities/Document.md) as metadata descriptions.
A Resource can have any number of other [Resources](../entities/Resource.md) as parts.
A Resource can be a new version of another [Resource](../entities/Resource.md) or Resources.
A Resource can be offered in any number of [Resource Offers](../entities/Resource_Offer.md).
A Resource can be part of any number of other [Resources](../entities/Resource.md).
A Resource can be a previous version of another [Resource](../entities/Resource.md) or Resources.
A Resource can be provided in any number of [Contribution Statements](../entities/Contribution_Statement.md).
A Resource can be requested in any number of [Resource Requests](../entities/Resource_Request.md).
When a Resource is used, the usage can be detailed in [Resource Usage Statements](../entities/Resource_Usage_Statement.md). For instance, a funding, a dataset or a piece of equipment can be used in producing a journal article.
A Resource Identifier can be assigned to a [Resource](../entities/Resource.md).
A Resource Offer can have any number of [Conditions](../entities/Condition.md) that must be satisfied for the Resource Offer to be applicable.
A Resource Offer can be described by any number of [Documents](../entities/Document.md).
A Resource Offer is solicited by an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md).
A Resource Offer specifies the [Resource](../entities/Resource.md) that is the subject of the offer.
A Resource Request always references its addressee, the [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) that is expected to consider the resource request. (Note the role can be called differently in specific contexts.)
A Resource Request can have some kind of process which results in an [Evaluation Outcome](../entities/Evaluation_Outcome.md).
A Resource Request always has the requester: the [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) that is requesting a resource. (Note that the role can be called differently in specific contexts, for instance applicant.)
A Resource Request can optionally reference its contents, the [Document](../entities/Document.md) that details the resource request.
A Resource Request specifies the [Resource](../entities/Resource.md) that is the subject of the request.
A Resource Request can revise the another [Resource Request](../entities/Document.md) that wasn't successful in the previous round.
A Resource Usage Statement can detail any number of [Contribution Statements](../entities/Contribution_Statement.md).
A Resource Usage Statement specifies the [Resource](../entities/Resource.md) that is being used.
the raw form of the affiliation as found e.g. in scholarly publications; more structured statements make use of the *institution* and/or *organisation unit* relationships below
the raw form of the name of the person as found e.g. in scholarly publications; more structured statements make use of the *person* relationship below
until when applications can be submitted
An optional numeric sorting key: for one linked object it establishes the sequence of contributions of a specific kind. This is to be used where the order is conventionally important, such as authors or editors of a Document.
this should be the preferred way of referencing a country
the location from which the resource can be downloaded
Anything that can be accessed on the World Wide Web.
Accessible on the Web
Anything that testifies, demonstrates or acknowledges a [Contribution](../entities/Contribution.md).
Acknowledgement Statement
Anything an Agent does.
Activity
A statement of a connection between a [Person](../entities/Person.md) and an [Organisation Unit](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
Affiliation Statement
Anything that has the ability to perform activities.
Agent
An identifier that is assigned to an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md).
Agent Identifier
A formal request to be considered for a position or to be allowed to do or have something, submitted to an authority, institution, or organization.[1](#fn1)
Application
Any contribution to an [Evaluation Outcome](../entities/Evaluation_Outcome.md) of an [Application](../entities/Application.md) an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) made by reviewing the Application.
Application Review
A resource primarily intended to be heard.[1](#fn1)
Audio Contents
A written or verbal request inviting someone to go somewhere or to do something,[1](#fn1) namely, submit an [Application](../entities/Application.md).
Call for Applications
A [Call for Applications](../entities/Call_for_Applications.md) that expects [Funding Applications](../entities/Funding_Application.md).
Call for Funding Applications
A condition that needs to be satisfied for a Resource Offer to be applicable.[1](#fn1)
Condition
Location of contents of a [Document](../entities/Document.md).
Contents Location
An activity that helps achieve a goal.
Contribution
An element of a [Contribution](../entities/Contribution.md). All such elements taken together describe the Contribution.
Contribution Statement
Any contribution an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) made to a [Document](../entities/Document.md).
Contribution to Document
Any contribution an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) made to an [Evaluation Outcome](../entities/Evaluation_Outcome.md).
Contribution to Evaluation Outcome
Any contribution an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) made to an [Event](../entities/Event.md).
Contribution to Event
Any contribution an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) made to an [Infrastructure](../entities/Infrastructure.md).
Contribution to Infrastructure
Any contribution an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) made to a [Prize](../entities/Prize.md).
Contribution to Prize
Any contribution an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) made to a [Prize Award](../entities/Prize_Award.md).
Contribution to Prize Award
Any contribution an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md) made to a [Project](../entities/Resource.md).
Contribution to Project
An area of land that has or used to have its own government and laws.[1](#fn1)
Country
A DOI[1](#fn1) identifier assigned to a [Document](../entities/Document.md).
DOI Identifier
A range of [Dates](../datatypes/Date.md).
Date Range
The conclusions from considering a [Resource Request](../entities/Resource_Request.md).
Decision
A document is a bounded representation of a body of information designed with the capacity (and usually intent) to communicate. A document may manifest symbolic, diagrammatic or sensory-representational information.[1](#fn1)
Document
The act of making information or stories available to people in a printed or electronic form.[1](#fn1)
Document Publication
Anything that can be downloaded from the World Wide Web.
Downloadable
The process of (teaching or) learning, especially in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this.[1](#fn1)
Education
An electronic address assigned to an [Agent](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
Electronic Address
Work that you are paid to do for a particular company or organization.[1](#fn1)
Employment
The conclusions of an evaluation process.
A thing that happens, especially something important.[1](#fn1)
Event
An identifier that is assigned to an [Event](../entities/Event.md).
Event Identifier
A thing that happens regularly (annually, bi-annually, etc.) about a particular subject.
Event_Series
**Expertise**: A high level of knowledge or skill.[1](#fn1) **Skill**: An ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you have practised it.[2](#fn2)
Expertise And Skills
The scope of the entity and its meaning.[1](#fn1)
Expertise and Skills Condition
The statement of Possession of an [Expertise or Skill](../entities/Expertise_and_Skills.md) by an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md).
Expertise and Skills Possession
**Expertise**: A high level of knowledge or skill.[1](#fn1) **Time**: An amount of time that you have available to do something.[2](#fn2) **Effort**: Physical or mental activity needed to achieve something.[3](#fn3)
Expertise and Time and Effort
A FundRef[1](#fn1) identifier assigned to an [Organisation unit](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
FundRef Identifier
Money provided by an organization or government for a particular purpose.[1](#fn1)
Funding
An application submitted in the form and manner described by a Funding agency, the purpose of which is to provide information to a Commission for project selection.[1](#fn1)
Funding Application
A non-formal group of [Agents](../entities/Agent.md).
Group
A common supertype for [Group](../entities/Group.md) and [Organisation Unit](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
Group or Organisation Unit
An ISNI[1](#fn1) identifier assigned to an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md).
ISNI Identifier
The basic structure of an organization or system which is necessary for its operation, esp. public water, energy, and systems for communication and transport.[1](#fn1)
Infrastructure
The act or process of taking part in something,[1](#fn1) namely in a [Group or Organisation Unit](../entities/Group_or_Organisation_Unit.md).
Involvement
A system of communication used by people living in a particular country consisting of sounds, words, and grammar.[1](#fn1)
Language
A local identifier assigned to an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md). Local identifier is not adopted at global level, it might be some platform identifier, regional identifier or national identifier.
Local Agent Identifier
A local identifier assigned to a [Resource](../entities/Resource.md). Local identifier is not adopted at global level, it might be some platform identifier, regional identifier or national identifier.
Local Resource Identifier
The [Involvement](../entities/Involvement.md) of being a member in a [Group](../entities/Group.md).
Membership
A certain volume of money, together with the specification of a currency.
Monetary Amount
An ORCID[1](#fn1) identifier assigned to a [Person](../entities/Person.md).
ORCID Identifier
An Organisation or a part of an Organisation's structure. **Organisation**: A formal, goal-orientated group with members and a defined structure, governed by rules and procedures that guide operation.[1](#fn1)
Organisation Unit
A [Contents Location](../datatypes/Contents_Location.md) that is based on a range of pages.
Page Based Contents Location
A human being as an individual.[1](#fn1)
Person
The name of a [Person](../entities/Person.md).
Person Name
The location assigned to an [Organisation Unit](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md) or some other CERIF entity instance.
Physical Address
A rank or level in a company, competition, or society.[1](#fn1)
Position
A postal address assigned to an [Agent](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
Postal Address
Something valuable, such as an amount of money, that is given to someone who succeeds in a competition or game or that is given to someone as a reward for doing very good work.[1](#fn1)
Prize
A [prize](../entities/Prize.md) or a sum of money that a person or organization is given for an achievement.[1](#fn1)
Prize Award
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result. Source: the Project Management Institute, https://www.pmi.org/about/learn-about-pmi/what-is-project-management
Project
A Publication Channel is a medium for publishing documents.
Publication Channel
A ROR[1](#fn1) identifier assigned to an [Organisation unit](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
ROR Identifier
A place where things are stored and can be found.[1](#fn1)
Repository
Anything that can be used for or in the process of research.
Resource
An identifier that is assigned to a [Resource](../entities/Resource.md).
Resource Identifier
An offer of a [Resource](../entities/Resource.md) for usage.
Resource Offer
A request to use a [Resource](../entities/Resource.md).
Resource Request
Resource Usage Statement
Script indicates writing system variations that distinguish the written forms of a language or its dialects[1](#fn1)
Script
This data type is used when a string representation of physical address is used.
Simple Postal Address
This data type is used when a structured representation of physical address is used.
Structured Postal Address
Something that is real and able to be shown or touched.[1](#fn1)
Tangible
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.[1](#fn1)
Textual Contents
A [Contents Location](../datatypes/Contents_Location.md) that is based on a time interval.
Time Based Contents Location
Media that makes use of images (usually "moving"), with or without sound, over a period of playback time.[1](#fn1)
Video Contents
A visiting address assigned to an [Agent](../entities/Organisation_Unit.md).
Visiting Address
A Wikidata[1](#fn1) identifier assigned to an [Agent](../entities/Agent.md).
Wikidata Agent Identifier
A Wikidata[1](#fn1) identifier assigned to a [Resource](../entities/Resource.md).
Wikidata Resource Identifier